 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
The Lower Tracts Includes:
The LARYNX (voice box) contains the vocal cords. It is the place where moving air being breathed in and out creates voice sounds. The ESOPHAGUS is the passage leading from the mouth and throat to the stomach. The TRACHEA (windpipe) is the passage leading from the pharynx to the lungs. The RIBS are bones supporting and protecting the chest cavity. They move to a limited degree, helping the lungs to expand and contract. The trachea divides into the two main BRONCHI (tubes), one for each lung. These, in turn, subdivide further into bronchioles. |
|
|
The RIGHT LUNG is divided into three LOBES, or sections.
The left lung is divided into two LOBES.
The PLEURA are the two membranes, that surround each lobe of the lungs and separate the lungs from the chest wall.
The bronchial tubes are lined with CILIA (like very small hairs) that have a wave-like motion, just like in the nose. This motion carries MUCUS (sticky phlegm or liquid) upward and out into the throat, where it is either coughed up or swallowed. The mucus catches and holds much of the dust, germs, and other unwanted matter that has invaded the lungs and thus gets rid of it.
The DIAPHRAGM is the strong wall of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. By moving downward, it creates suction to draw in air and expand the lungs.
The smallest subdivisions of the bronchi are called BRONCHIOLES, at the end of which are the alveoli (plural of alveolus).
The ALVEOLI are the very small air sacs that are the destination of air breathed in. The CAPILLARIES are blood vessels that are imbedded in the walls of the alveoli. Blood passes through the capillaries, brought to them by the PULMONARY ARTERY and taken away by the PULMONARY VEIN. While in the capillaries the blood discharges carbon dioxide into the alveoli and takes up oxygen from the air in the alveoli, a phenomena known as "gas exchange".
|
 |
|
 |
Our Mission - What is empty nose syndrome and how it relates to nose surgery and sinus surgery - ENS Articles with info about symptoms such as nasal dryness, sinus infections, sinusitis and nasal pain- Testimonials by people that have had turbinate surgery - Donations - News relating to solutions for empty nose syndrome that include inferior turbinate regeneration involving stem cells and tissue engineering of functional nasal or sinus tissue- Visit the Discussion Forum to discuss ways to cope with empty nose syndrome symptoms and ideas to find medical solutions - The Nose Tutorial includes detailed pictures of the inferior turbinates, middle turbinates, olfactory bulb, and the septum - turbinates tutorial - Respiratory System -empty nose syndrome Survival Tips include ways to keep the nose moist and ways to diminish symptoms such as sinusitis, nasal pain, and breathing difficulties - Links - contact - Be Proactive and promote awareness of empty nose syndrome - Become a Member
The information contained on this site reflects our personal non-professional opinions only, and is in no way intended to replace the knowledge or diagnosis of your doctor. For specific guidance regarding personal health questions, we advise consultation with a qualified health care professional familiar with your particular circumstances.